The tables below list the cases of remunicipalisation occurred in the last 15 years in developed, transition and developing countries. These remunicipalisations occurred mainly for three reasons: the widespread problems affecting water privatisation irrespective of country and regulatory regime; the equal or greater efficiency of public water services, and the lower prices resulting from elimination of excessive profits; and, the comparative advantage of the public sector in realising the human right to water and sanitation and achieving other social and environmental objectives. These three reasons have led major cities in the US (e.g. Atlanta, Milwaukee, Indianapolis) and Europe (e.g. Paris, Berlin) to remunicipalise their water services. The case of Paris is symbolically powerful as Paris hosts the headquarters of the two major water multinationals, and because these two multinationals were holding the private contracts that were terminated in 2009. Also, Paris and Berlin (which decided to remunicipalise in September 2013) are the capital cities of the two countries (France and Germany) that are regarded as leading the European Union project.
